A Smart Digital Twin Platform for Real-Time Monitoring of Pollution in Building Renovation Projects

Construction pollution during building renovation poses significant risks to human health and environmental quality. Integrating building information modelling (BIM), internet of things (IoT), and digital twin (DT) offers potential for real-time construction pollution monitoring and stakeholder coordination. However, this system development must face various challenges, including sensor platform solution, calibration method, and reliable data integration within a Common Data Environment (CDE). Unique characteristics of building renovation projects call for cost-effective, scalable solutions for dust-noise-vibration monitoring. This paper develops a BIM-integrated DT platform for monitoring construction pollution during building renovation. Three main types of sensors, including dust, noise, and vibration, were deployed and integrated with the CDE to support real-time monitoring and reporting. To confirm its practicality and performance, the system was applied to an actual renovation project. The results indicate that low-cost IoT sensors, when strategically calibrated using a collocation method, can meet monitoring requirements. The platform can capture real-time pollutant data with moderate-to-strong correlation and acceptable data completeness. The results support the use of this modular, scalable platform for environmental compliance and real-time decision-making. This research is a foundation for predictive pollution management in building renovation projects via BIM-integrated DT systems.