MicroRNAs in Valvulogenesis: Small Molecules with Big Therapeutic Potential

Abstract The purpose of this study is to thoroughly assess how microRNAs (miRNAs) function in valvulogenesis, the process by which heart valves grow, and investigate their potential as treatment targets for valvular disorders. Using terms such as “microRNAs,” “valvulogenesis,” “heart valve development,” and “therapeutic potential,” a comprehensive literature search was carried out using PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus, with an emphasis on research published up to 2024. Preclinical models, clinical research, and mechanistic understanding of the role of miRNA in the control of valve morphogenesis, extracellular matrix remodeling, and cellular differentiation were given priority in the inclusion criteria. While dysregulated miRNAs are linked to diseases including aortic stenosis and mitral regurgitation, key studies emphasize miRNAs as essential regulators of the valve progenitor cell fate, endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and tissue homeostasis. The review addresses issues including species-specific variability and off-target consequences while synthesizing new approaches for miRNA-based treatments, such as delivery methods and biomarker applications. The translational potential of miRNAs to transform preventative and therapeutic strategies for cardiovascular illnesses linked to valves is ultimately highlighted by this study.