Research network and trends in ecological architecture from 2005 to 2024: a visual analysis based on Web of Science Core Database and CiteSpace

Purpose This study aims to systematically explore the research development, collaborative networks and emerging trends in the field of ecological architecture from 2005 to 2024, offering insights to support theoretical advancement and policy formulation. Design/methodology/approach Using bibliometric analysis and visualization tools (CiteSpace 6.3.R3), 3,936 English-language articles from the Web of Science Core Collection were analyzed. The study employs co-authorship networks, keyword co-occurrence, cluster detection and burst term analysis to map the structure and evolution of ecological architecture research. Findings The field has undergone exponential growth (R2 = 0.9743) and thematic shifts from early ecological theories to interdisciplinary applications integrating AI, urban planning, and biodiversity. The USA and China dominate in output, while European countries such as Spain and the UK act as collaborative hubs. Key research hotspots include green buildings, carbon neutrality, AI-assisted design and urban ecological adaptability. Originality/value This study’s primary contribution is the construction of a comprehensive, 20-year knowledge map that reveals a unique three-dimensional research pattern: micro-mechanism analysis, macro-system optimization, and technology-driven innovation. Unlike previous reviews, our long-term analysis identifies critical evolutionary shifts in the field. It provides strategic direction for global collaboration, sustainable urban development and the digital transformation of ecological architecture.