Islam, as a comprehensive worldview and ethical system, offers a distinctive understanding of law, morality, and human purpose, grounded in the principle of the oneness of God (tawḥīd). The prophetic mission of Muhammad (peace be upon him), as the final messenger in the Islamic tradition, is primarily directed toward guiding humanity toward spiritual and moral perfection through monotheism. Within this framework, diplomacy and the recognition of diplomatic norms and rights are not merely pragmatic instruments but integral elements of the Prophetic methodology. This article undertakes a conceptual and theoretical examination of the diplomatic practices of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), exploring their foundational role in shaping both the ethical and practical dimensions of diplomatic norms. Drawing upon historical evidence, the study illustrates how the Prophet’s diplomatic engagements—characterized by respect for dialogue, the sanctity of emissaries, and the pursuit of peaceful coexistence—contributed to the early formation of an Islamic philosophy of diplomacy. Contrary to prevailing perspectives that regard diplomacy and diplomatic rights as exclusive products of Western political thought, this inquiry emphasizes their religious and philosophical roots within the Islamic tradition, highlighting their enduring relevance, ethical profundity, and intellectual significance.
Muaiyid Rasooli (Sat,) studied this question.