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A central limitation in how mathematics is typically applied at and below the quantum level is not the mathematics itself, but rather the persistent mindset that everything has to be measured to be understood: if it cannot be, then rather than measure its quantity, describe its quality. Number does not have to be dispensed with, and in fact is still of significant value, but what is non-negotiable is that the function and way of dealing with numbers has to change.
Brown Cameron (Fri,) studied this question.