A Scoping Review of Psychoeducational Interventions for Managing Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Asian Countries

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease that significantly affects patients' quality of life and mental health. Psychoeducational approaches have been recognized as an effective strategy to improve knowledge and self-care skills and to reduce psychological burden. However, scoping reviews focusing on psychoeducational interventions and their outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Asian contexts remain limited. Purpose: This scoping review aimed to identify, map, and synthesize existing evidence on psychoeducational interventions for adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Asian countries. Methods: A scoping review was conducted in accordance with the Arksey and O'Malley framework and reported in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Literature searches were conducted across CINAHL, PubMed, Scopus, and Taylor & Francis databases through July 28, 2025, complemented by manual searches in Google Scholar. Eligible studies were randomised controlled trials (RCTs) published in English that involved patients with diabetes types 2 in Asian countries. Methodological quality was appraised using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklist, and data were synthesised through thematic analysis. Results: There were 13 RCT articles analyzed in this review. The psychoeducational interventions identified could be classified into three main models: cognitive-behavioral and acceptance-based interventions, mindfulness and stress-reduction interventions, and educational and coaching-based interventions. The reported outcomes also clustered into three domains: psychological, behavioral/self-management, and clinical. The most consistent improvements were observed in psychological and behavioural outcomes, while clinical outcomes, such as reduced HbA1c, cortisol levels, and PAI-1, also improved. Conclusion: Psychoeducational interventions are diverse and effective in improving psychological well-being and self-management among patients with diabetes in Asia. Culturally-based adaptation and integration into primary healthcare systems are essential to ensure sustainability and long-term effectiveness.