A Narrative Review of Sarcopenic Obesity in the Elderly: Consideration of Etiology and Treatment Strategies

With the aging of the population, the decline in skeletal muscle function (sarcopenia) and the accumulation of fat mass (obesity) emerges as significant contributors to impairing the daily activities of older adults, leading to increased susceptibility to various diseases. The escalating prevalence of sarcopenic obesity (SOB) is now recognized as a major public health concern in geriatric populations. Sarcopenia and obesity share common pathophysiological mechanisms, and their synergistic interaction amplifies the risk of adverse health outcomes. Consequently, effective prevention and intervention strategies are crucial for safeguarding elderly health. This narrative review aims to outline the pathological mechanisms and health consequences of SOB. In addition, it provides an overview of current evidence-based treatment strategies, with a focus on lifestyle modifications and structured exercise regimens. Finally, it explores emerging therapeutics, including nutraceuticals and complementary and alternative treatments, and propose the potential therapeutic effects of the intergenerational benefits of exercise, all aimed at preventing SOB development.