Promoting Medication Adherence in the Elderly: Factors and Insights From a Cross‐Sectional Study

ABSTRACT Objectives This study reviewed the factors involved in medication adherence among the elderly. By understanding these factors, we can develop targeted strategies to promote better medication adherence, ultimately improving health outcomes for this population. Methods This cross‐sectional study was performed in 2023. In the first phase, five scientific databases were searched: PubMed , Science Direct, Springer, Wiley, and Wolters Kluwer. The review included articles published between 2001 and January 2022. The keywords used in the searches included “drug adherence,” “medication adherence,” “elderly,” and “older adults.” Two researchers independently evaluated the titles, abstracts, and texts of papers. Specific inclusion and exclusion criteria determined the selection of studies. Data were extracted using a data extraction form based on the study objectives. From all 116 articles retrieved, 68 studies were included. In the second phase, factors on medication adherence in the elderly were divided into categories and subcategories. Results Factors involved in medication adherence among the elderly were divided into two categories: personal and external factors. Personal factors were classified into three subcategories: reducing, increasing, and other, while external factors included cultural, social, and economic factors as well as the influence of others. The most important factor associated with medication non‐adherence among the elderly is polypharmacy. Other factors such as economic and social status, cognitive impairment, health literacy, age, and depression also significantly influence medication adherence among the elderly. Conclusions The health system should focus on managing medications for older adults who use multiple drugs. Providing economic and social support, psychological training, and counseling can ameliorate medication adherence.