Development and Testing of a Multi-Layered Cherenkov Detector

This paper presents the design, simulation, and validation plan for a low-cost, modular multi-layered Cherenkov detector developed to improve particle identification across a broad momentum range. Unlike conventional single-layer or ring-imaging Cherenkov (RICH) detectors, the proposed system employs multiple dielectric media with distinct refractive indices and infers particle velocity through relative photon yield measurements, eliminating the need for ring imaging. The detector consists of interchangeable cylindrical modules filled with water, glycerin, and benzyl alcohol, instrumented with silicon photomultipliers (SiPMs) and custom readout electronics. Using the Frank–Tamm formalism, the paper derives a model that relates photon yield ratios to particle velocity, enabling discrimination between particle species such as pions and kaons with higher accuracy than single-layer detectors. GEANT4 simulations and cosmic-ray tests validate the detector’s performance and photon collection behavior. The work proposes beamline testing at CERN’s T9 facility to experimentally evaluate yield, efficiency, and particle identification accuracy over momenta from 1–15 GeV/c. By prioritizing affordability, reproducibility, and modularity, this detector design aims to make advanced particle identification techniques more accessible for educational and small-scale research environments.