The rural population traditionally ensures food security, the development of the agro-industrial complex, and the maintenance of the human resource potential of regions. In the context of demographic decline, migration outflow, staff shortages, and competition among regions, the issue of retaining rural residents becomes particularly relevant for the personnel sovereignty of the region. This study examines the reasons for the migration of rural residents, their motivational attitudes, and factors that promote or hinder the retention of population in rural areas. Special attention is given to analyzing structural changes in the labor market, the dynamics of the population's size and migration sentiments, as well as evaluating existing support measures and infrastructure development. The research aims to identify systematic factors that determine the sustainability and reproduction of human resource potential in rural areas, as well as to develop recommendations for creating conditions that promote population retention and enhance social and professional motivation. The study analyzes official statistical data from Rosstat and Mordoviastat, expert assessments, and the results of a survey of 520 rural residents from seven municipal districts of the Republic of Mordovia. Statistical analysis methods, comparative and index analysis, as well as sociological methods, including focus groups, were employed. The research revealed a steady decline in the rural population, especially among the youth, which leads to a labor shortage in the agricultural sector. The main reasons for migration are associated with low wages, limited opportunities for professional growth, and dissatisfaction with the quality of social infrastructure. The labor shortage is most acutely observed in construction, manufacturing, and agriculture. The rural population is considered in light of its dual role in forming the personnel sovereignty of the region: firstly, as a basic source of labor for the agro-industrial complex and related sectors of the rural economy; and secondly, as a donor of labor resources for urban areas of the region. To retain the rural population, comprehensive measures are necessary: the development of rural infrastructure, support for small businesses, increased wages, expansion of educational and professional opportunities, and state support for young professionals and families. The implementation of the proposed measures will enhance the attractiveness of rural life, reduce migration outflow, and ensure sustainable human resource development in the region, which is the foundation of its socio-economic stability and competitiveness.
Mamonkina et al. (Tue,) studied this question.