India and Foreign Policy in International Relations

India’s foreign policy in international relations is shaped by its civilizational heritage, strategic autonomy, and commitment to global peace and cooperation. Rooted in principles such as sovereignty, non-alignment, and mutual respect, India has historically pursued an independent approach to global affairs while adapting to changing geopolitical realities. In the contemporary era, India’s foreign policy reflects a pragmatic balance between idealism and national interest, emphasizing multilateralism, regional stability, and economic diplomacy. Active engagement with global institutions like the United Nations, G20, BRICS, and SCO highlights India’s role as a responsible stakeholder in the international system. The “Neighbourhood First,” “Act East,” and “Global South” initiatives underscore India’s regional and developmental priorities. Additionally, strategic partnerships with major powers coexist with a commitment to South–South cooperation. Overall, India’s foreign policy seeks to safeguard national security, promote economic growth, and contribute to a rules-based international order.