The purpose of this study was to evaluate the phytoremediation potential of aquatic plant water fern ( Azolla pinnata R.Br.) in treating sugar mill wastewater by removing key pollutants. The experiment was conducted over 20 days at using different concentrations of sugar mill wastewater. The results showed that 75% sugar mill wastewater concentration gave maximum removal efficiencies of 91.13% for BOD, 84.91% for COD, 93.73% for TKN, and 93.17% for P. A first-order reaction-based kinetic model was applied to describe the removal kinetics, showing strong correlations ( R 2 values between 0.88 and 0.99) for all measured parameters. As well, the highest fresh biomass (104.38 g), relative growth rate (1.61 mg/g/d), and total chlorophyll content (3.36 mg/g fresh weight) were observed at this concentration. The absorption coefficient (μ) for the key pollutants was also calculated to further understand the system’s efficacy. The results showed that A. pinnata is highly effective in reducing organic and nutrient pollutants from sugar mill wastewater. The proposed model suggests that this phytoremediation approach could be implemented as a cost-effective and sustainable method for mitigating industrial wastewater pollution. The study demonstrates that A. pinnata is a natural, low-cost solution for treating sugar mill wastewater.
Singh et al. (Tue,) studied this question.
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