What question did this study set out to answer?

The aim is to establish a framework that explains the evolution of fundamental constants through vacuum dynamics.

January 16, 2026Open Access

A Covariant Vacuum Field Framework for the Effective Evolution of Fundamental Constants

Key Points

The aim is to establish a framework that explains the evolution of fundamental constants through vacuum dynamics.
Developed a covariant field-theoretic framework
Formulated well-defined field equations
Utilized Hamiltonian (ADM) formulation for analysis
Analyzed vacuum relaxation and cosmological evolution
The framework smoothly reduces to general relativity with a cosmological constant
Highlights effective evolution of physical parameters
Proposes a controlled setting for classical and quantum gravity analyses

Abstract

Preprint. This manuscript is a preprint and has not been peer-reviewed. It is currently under consideration for publication in a peer-reviewed journal AbstractWe present a covariant field-theoretic framework in which the effective evolution of gravitationaland cosmological parameters emerges from vacuum dynamics rather than from explicit variationsof fundamental constants. The theory is formulated at the level of a generally covariant action,possesses well-defined field equations, and admits a consistent Hamiltonian (ADM) formulation. Inappropriate limits, the framework reduces smoothly to general relativity with a cosmological constant.The construction is explicitly effective in nature and is intended as a controlled theoretical settingfor analyzing vacuum relaxation, cosmological evolution, and the late-time stability of physicalparameters within classical and quantum gravity.

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