The article addresses the urgent need for modernizing electric infrastructure as a foundation for integrating renewable energy sources (RES) in Europe. As the continent transitions toward decarbonization and RES, this shift poses significant challenges due to the diversity of national energy systems and unequal access to renewable resources. The study places the European energy transition in a broad policy context, particularly within the framework of the EU’s climate objectives. It aims to identify key strategic directions in energy sector development, with a focus on selected European countries, especially Poland. The article employs comparative analysis to assess infrastructure readiness, country-specific challenges, and technological needs. Special attention is given to how disparities in infrastructure affect the capacity of each country to effectively utilize RES. The study outlines current modernization trends and critical requirements for integrating RES, emphasizing the necessity of aligning infrastructure with policy goals. Findings suggest that targeted modernization of infrastructure is essential not only for energy transformation but also for broader economic and environmental sustainability. The conclusions support the development of long-term strategies for achieving climate neutrality in line with EU targets.
Sikorska-Pastuszka et al. (Mon,) studied this question.
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