What question did this study set out to answer?

This research aims to explore the link between inflammatory bowel disease and the development of pulmonary diseases.

January 18, 2026

Increased Prevalence of Pulmonary Diseases in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease

Key Points

This research aims to explore the link between inflammatory bowel disease and the development of pulmonary diseases.
Retrospective cohort study utilizing TriNetX database.
Patients with IBD were compared to a control group without IBD.
Propensity score matching was employed to balance the cohorts.
Odds ratios for developing pulmonary diseases were calculated.
Patients with IBD showed increased prevalence of asthma, bronchiectasis, chronic bronchitis, and vasculitis.
Significant odds ratios for asthma (2.17), bronchiectasis (2.35), chronic bronchitis (2.40), and vasculitis (2.33) were observed.
Some conditions like pleural disease and pneumothorax showed decreased odds in IBD patients.

Abstract

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a multisystem illness with intestinal and extraintestinal manifestations. We aimed to analyze the association of developing pulmonary diseases (PDs) in patients with IBD. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, TriNetX was used to identify patients with IBD who were prescribed at least one IBD-specific medication or advanced therapy. Patients with an inpatient visit and no IBD comprised the control group. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to balance cohorts. The odds ratio (OR) of developing PDs all-cause mortality were determined. Results: After PSM, there were 155,668 patients (46.6±17.5 y, 50.9% female) in each group. Patients with IBD had an increased prevalence of developing all assessed PDs except for pyothorax ( P =0.087), lung abscesses ( P =0.411), pleural disease (OR: 0.89 0.80-0.98, P =0.013), and pneumothorax (OR: 0.67 0.62-0.73, P <0.001) compared with the control group. There were at least 2-fold increased prevalence of developing asthma (OR: 2.17 2.09-2.26), bronchiectasis (OR: 2.35 2.12-2.61), chronic bronchitis (OR: 2.40 2.11-2.72), and vasculitis (OR: 2.33 1.99-2.72) compared with the control group (all P <0.001). Conclusion: Given the increased association of developing PDs, clinicians should engage in proactive monitoring and risk reduction strategies to mitigate the development of various PDs in the IBD patient population.

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