Community engagement and capacity building as determinants of rural water supply functionality: a case of traditional authority Mankhambira in Nkhata Bay District, Malawi

ABSTRACT This study examined the impact of community governance on the functionality of rural water supply services (RWSS) in Mankhambira, Malawi. Using a mixed-methods approach, which includes surveys, interviews, and focus group discussions with 299 participants, the study was guided by a water governance framework that considers the roles of various actors, legal structures, and power dynamics. The findings indicated that community participation in managing and financing water services is relatively strong, with over 75% of households contributing financially towards maintenance. Despite this, weak governance practices, such as poor documentation, limited financial oversight, and overlapping committee roles, undermined the operational efficiency and accountability of water systems. These governance shortcomings led to delayed repairs, frequent breakdowns, and reduced overall functionality of water points. The study emphasises that improving community leadership, increasing transparency, and promoting inclusive involvement are critical measures to enhance the operational functionality of RWSS. The study recommends that strengthening local institution capacity is essential for ensuring reliable water access, ultimately supporting health, socio-economic development, and community resilience in rural Malawi and other similar conditions.