Under the double background of the acceleration of the new urbanization process and the increasing heterogeneity of the distribution of public sports resources, the supply of urban sports services faces systemic governance challenges. This study is committed to building a multi-subject collaborative governance framework and solving the fairness dilemma and sustainable development problem of public sports resource allocation through institutional innovation. Different from the traditional single-subject research paradigm, this study innovatively integrates the interaction mechanism of the three subjects of government, market, and society, aiming to establish a comprehensive governance strategy with policy adaptation. This case study analysis and policy analysis. Select large cities (Beijing, Shanghai, Chengdu) for a stratified systematic investigation of the governance characteristics of different urban forms. A collaborative governance model, including four-dimensional entities (government agencies, community organizations, market entities, and citizen groups) constructed, and social network analysis (SNA) was used to quantify the effectiveness of policy transmission. In terms of data collection, a three-stage research design was implemented: first, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 54 policy makers and implementers, then a questionnaire survey covering 1126 citizens was conducted, and finally, multiple rounds of expert demonstration were completed by the Delphi method to ensure the validity. The empirical analysis shows that the multi-governance mechanism can improve the efficiency of policy implementation by 37.2% (p < 0.01) and the equity index of resource allocation by 28.5%. The verification of the governance model shows that there is a significant positive correlation between the degree of agent cooperation and the efficiency of resource allocation (r=0.824), and its explanatory effectiveness is 42.6% higher than that of the traditional bureaucracy model. It is worth noting that the synergistic effect generated by the tripartite cooperation between government, enterprise, and society can break through institutional barriers and form a flexible governance structure with spatial adaptability. This research breaks through the binary opposition framework of government-market in traditional public management theory and proposes a "four-dimensional interactive" governance paradigm. The main innovations are as follows: (1) Building a policy evaluation system including SNA indicators such as network centrality and structural hole index; (2) revealing the transformation mechanism of the inter-subject power game to cooperation and symbolism. Despite the limited geographical coverage of the sample (only in first-tier cities) and cross-sectional data constraints, the study conclusions provide key empirical support for the implementation of the National Fitness Program (2021-2025). Subsequent studies suggest extending to the urban agglomeration scale and introducing system dynamics models for long-term policy simulation.
Chen et al. (Thu,) studied this question.