Management of biomedical waste and associated factors in military healthcare facilities in Kisangani, Democratic Republic of the Congo

Introduction Hospital waste is an inevitable by-product of healthcare activities in medical facilities. It remains a major public health concern, and its management in military healthcare facilities in Kisangani continues to pose a serious challenge due to its health and environmental implications. Purpose This study aimed to determine the level of knowledge, attitudes, and practices of healthcare personnel in military medical facilities in Kisangani regarding biomedical waste management, as well as the associated factors. Methods This was an analytical cross-sectional study conducted among 475 healthcare workers from 31 July to 30 November 2023. Data were collected using a questionnaire based on structured interviews and observation. Evaluation criteria were represented by a significance score ranging from 0 to 2, where 2 indicated compliance or good practice, 1 indicated partial compliance, and 0 indicated non-compliance or poor practice. Analysis of factors associated with biomedical waste management was performed using odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals at a 5% significance level. Results The study revealed that 90.5% of respondents had a low level of knowledge regarding biomedical waste management, and 64.7% demonstrated a negative attitude towards improper waste management. Bivariate analysis showed that the availability of functional incinerators (OR = 10.4, p < 0.001), the presence of personnel trained in waste management (OR = 3.5, p < 0.001), the existence of standard guidelines (OR = 6.7, p < 0.001), and the availability of a dedicated waste management budget (OR = 6.2, p < 0.001) were significant factors influencing proper biomedical waste management in military healthcare facilities in Kisangani. Conclusion The quality of biomedical waste management in these healthcare facilities remains inadequate, mainly due to poor overall knowledge and negative attitudes among healthcare providers. Targeted interventions incorporating corrective action plans, continuous training, and strengthened infrastructure are essential to reduce health and environmental risks.