Beyond the launch pad: exploring sustainability and accountability practices of space companies

Purpose This study aims to investigate how governmental and private space companies identify, mitigate and report their social and environmental impacts. Design/methodology/approach This research examines financial and non-financial reports from space agencies and private space companies worldwide through an ecological emancipatory accounting lens. Findings The analysis reveals a narrow focus on ecological issues, primarily concerning the preservation of natural environments and the protection of species affected by space activities. As such, current accounting practices in the space sector fall short of realising their emancipatory potential and require further development to comprehensively address the social and environmental challenges posed by space exploration. Practical implications This study proposes a practical framework, grounded in ecological emancipatory accounting, which can support space organisations in enhancing transparency and accountability. It offers insights for policymakers and regulators on updating accountability mechanisms and reporting standards to encourage more ethical and sustainable practices in the space sector. Social implications By exposing current gaps in space companies’ disclosures, this study advocates for a more inclusive and forward-looking approach to accountability – one that reflects the rights of communities, the integrity of ecosystems and the interests of future generations. It also highlights the urgency of international co-operation to promote the responsible and equitable use of outer space. Originality/value This study contributes to the emerging discourse on ecological emancipatory accounting, by emphasising the critical role of accounting and accountability in linking organisational actions and decisions to their broader social and environmental consequences.