Intelligent Coordination Approach for Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems Towards Sustainable Power Supply

This study developed a microcontroller-based system which coordinates and monitors hybrid renewable energy sources within a microgrid, providing an uninterrupted power solution for off-grid areas. Site data for wind speed, solar radiation, and load demand were collected and averaged into hourly intervals across seasons. A key novelty of this work is an intelligent coordination approach based on Sequential Quadratic Programming (SQP) that simultaneously determines economically viable system sizes and optimizes real time energy flow for adaptive, reliable, and cost-effective control. Mathematical models and size optimization were developed for all system components. This study proposes an intelligent coordination and optimal sizing framework for an off-grid hybrid renewable energy system comprising 500kW of solar PV, a 400-kW wind turbine, pumped hydro storage, battery–inverter units, and a biogas generator. The system is designed to supply the electricity demand of an academic facility using only renewable sources with biogas backup. Simulation results show that renewable energy meets up to 96. 4% of the total load during weekends in June and 51. 4% during weekdays in December, while storage units supply between 20. 1% and 44. 0% of the demand, thereby smoothing the variability of wind and solar resources. The proposed coordination strategy achieves a 70% reduction in fuel consumption and guarantees a reliable supply with a loss of power supply probability of zero, corresponding to a reliability level above 99%. Among the candidate configurations evaluated, the PV/wind/pumped hydro/battery/biogas system emerges as the most cost-effective, yielding a net present cost of 3. 09M and a levelized cost of energy of 0. 027/kWh. These results demonstrate that the optimized hybrid configuration provides a techno-economically viable pathway for fully renewable, reliable power supply in remote institutional applications. In conclusion, the study showed that implementing an off-grid HRES with sufficient storage can provide a sustainable solution for the electrification of remote areas not previously connected to the grid.