The impact of global climate change and russian aggression in Ukraine on global food security

The issue of food security has become particularly relevant in the context of intensifying climate change and geopolitical threats, in particular the war in Ukraine. The aim of the study was to determine the impact of climate change and Russian aggression in Ukraine on the functioning of global agri-food systems. The main focus was on analysing the impact of extreme weather events, water shortages, changes in precipitation patterns and military actions on crop yields, food quality and value, and the functioning of supply chains. The methodological basis of the study was a combination of quantitative analysis of statistical data with qualitative analysis of regional adaptation strategies and socio-economic consequences. The results indicate a high vulnerability of Southern and Central Europe. A decline in wheat, maize and barley yields has been recorded in Southern and Central Europe, while in Northern Europe there has been an increase due to the lengthening of the growing season. In addition, a deterioration in the nutritional value of products has been identified due to a decrease in micronutrient content. The analysis confirmed the effectiveness of climate-resilient technologies, precision farming and community participation in adaptation processes. Special attention was paid to the impact of the full-scale war in Ukraine on food security. It led to a reduction in cultivated areas, loss of production capacity, disruption of logistics and exports of agricultural products, a sharp rise in food prices and social tensions in importing countries. The summary of the results emphasises the need for integrated and regionalised approaches to food security policy in the context of increased climate shocks and other risks. At the same time, the introduction of climate-resilient technologies, diversification of supply and strengthening of international cooperation are critical for the formation of sustainable agri-food systems of the future. The practical significance of the study was to develop scientifically sound approaches to adapting the agricultural sector to climate change and the impact of wars