Early Risk Assessment and Recognition of Allergies in Children: Rationale, Methodology, and Proposed Algorithms

ABSTRACT Background Atopic diseases—including atopic dermatitis (AD), food allergy (FA), allergic rhinitis (AR), and asthma—are the most common chronic conditions in childhood and adolescence, affecting up to 30% of the global population. In Germany alone, more than 2.1 million children and adolescents are affected. These conditions frequently coexist and share common genetic, environmental, dietary, and microbial risk factors. Methods A comprehensive literature review was conducted, and a multidisciplinary Task Force of the German Society for Pediatric Allergology and Environmental Medicine (GPA) and the German Society for Allergology and Clinical Immunology (DGAKI) developed consensus‐based algorithms for early risk assessment and recognition of allergies in children in already existing preventive medical check‐ups. The approach emphasizes stepwise risk assessment, including family history, environmental exposures, and early clinical signs such as recurrent wheezing. Results For children identified as at risk for or with early clinical signs of atopy, targeted diagnostic steps are recommended that follow the national/international guidelines for the management of the suspected atopic disease. This may include general and specific recommendations for nutrition, measurement of specific sensitization and selected biomarkers, if indicated and recommended by the guidelines. Routine allergy testing in asymptomatic children is not recommended. The algorithms are designed to be embedded into routine pediatric check‐ups, enabling systematic and early identification of children at increased risk or with early clinical signs of atopic diseases. Early recognition and management can reduce disease severity, improve quality of life, and decrease healthcare costs. Conclusion Structured programs for early risk assessment and recognition of allergies in children are currently lacking but can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits. Integration into routine pediatric preventive examinations, supported by standardization, interdisciplinary collaboration, and sustainable funding, offers a promising strategy to improve long‐term outcomes for affected children and their families.