What question did this study set out to answer?

The research aims to optimize the performance of a duoplasmatron proton source for enhanced proton acceleration.

February 2, 2026Open Access

Performance optimization of the IOTA duoplasmatron proton source

NBNilanjan Banerjee ARAlexander Romanov BSBenjamin D. SimonsWellcome/MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute

Key Points

The research aims to optimize the performance of a duoplasmatron proton source for enhanced proton acceleration.
Conducted online optimization studies of the duoplasmatron ion source.
Developed multi-parameter models using Bayesian exploration techniques.
Optimized the proton current based on varying spectrometer configurations and objectives.
Achieved normalized 50% emittances ranging from 0.57 μm to 1.3 μm.
Identified three candidate operating points for optimal performance.
Reached a maximum proton current of 14.5 ± 0.6 mA.

Abstract

We present results from online optimization studies of a duoplasmatron ion source designed to produce 50 keV protons for acceleration to 2.5 MeV and subsequent injection into the Integrable Optics Test Accelerator (IOTA) at Fermilab. Using a Bayesian exploration technique, we developed multi-parameter models of the source’s proton current and employed these models to optimize its performance. Depending on the spectrometer configuration used to isolate the proton beam and the chosen optimization objective, we identified three candidate operating points, achieving normalized 50 % emittances between 0.57 μm and 1.3 μm and a maximum proton current of 14.5 ± 0.6 mA.

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