What question did this study set out to answer?

This research aims to explore the use of Beam Position Monitors to measure the energy of non-relativistic ion beams.

February 2, 2026Open Access

Time-of-Flight energy measurements with BPMs

Key Points

This research aims to explore the use of Beam Position Monitors to measure the energy of non-relativistic ion beams.
Estimation of energy from beam phases in neighboring BPMs
Analysis of cases when flight time exceeds BPM frequency period
Operational implementation of energy deviation parameter in transfer lines
Successful implementation of the deviation parameter at the 400 MeV Linac to Booster transfer line
Potential application of similar techniques in the PIP-II transfer line

Abstract

The energy of a bunched non-relativistic ion beam can be deduced from measuring the beam phases in neighboring Beam Position Monitors (BPMs). This report presents estimations on implementation of such a procedure at PIP-II H- linac being constructed at Fermilab. In part, the case when the flight time between BPMs is larger than the period of BPM frequency is considered in detail. When the absolute BPM phase calibration is not available, the BPM phase information can be used to trace deviations of the beam energy from the desired value. Such “energy deviation” parameter is operationally implemented at the transfer line between 400 MeV Linac and the Booster, and its analog is expected to be used in the transfer line from PIP-II as well.

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