Labuan Bajo, a popular tourism destination in Manggarai Barat Regency, Indonesia, faces escalating multi-hazard risks driven by rapid development, land-use change, and climate variability. To address this, we conducted a comprehensive spatial multi-hazard risk assessment encompassing seven hazards: tsunami, earthquake, landslide, flood, extreme weather, drought, and forest/land fire. Following Indonesia's national disaster risk analysis standard (SNI), we integrated hazard, vulnerability, and capacity data within a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) framework. The analysis uniformly classifies the entire region as "high risk," with the highest risk concentrations in coastal zones, tourism infrastructure, and residential corridors. These results highlight the urgent necessity for a cohesive resilience strategy, encompassing multi-hazard-informed spatial planning, improved early warning systems, nature-based solutions, and focused contingency planning. This study provides a scientific basis for policymakers and tourism stakeholders to advance for developing sustainable resilience tourism.
Shalih et al. (Tue,) studied this question.