Due to the challenges in quantifying environmental excitation and the dynamic behavioral characteristics of strongly nonlinear bistable energy harvesting systems, it is difficult to study the intrinsic relationship between the stochastic dynamic behavior of these systems and their energy harvesting efficiency, especially for systems operating in complex environments or possessing complex inherent structures. Therefore, this study investigates the stochastic response of a galloping energy harvesting system under the combined actions of crosswind and base excitation. First, the Fokker–Planck-Kolmogorov (FPK) equation for the total energy of the system is derived using the stochastic averaging of the energy envelope. Then, the effects of system parameters on the marginal probability density function of displacement are analyzed in detail. Finally, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is employed to characterize the stochastic resonance (SR) phenomenon of the galloping energy harvesting system under the combined actions of Gaussian white noises and a periodic signal. The results show that variations in the system parameters affect the inter-well oscillation behavior of the oscillator and an optimal parameter configuration exists that maximizes the probability of inter-well oscillation. The non-monotonic variation in the SNR curve reflects the occurrence of SR in the system. In addition, when SR occurs, the energy harvesting efficiency is also enhanced, establishing a link between SR and energy harvesting efficiency and revealing a positive correlation between them. This study provides a theoretical basis for the performance analysis and optimal design of energy harvesting systems that operating in realistic environments.
He et al. (Fri,) studied this question.