MID/QC Keystone Series 1 - The Unresolved Problems of Cosmology: A Substrate Native Resolution

Modern cosmology is often described as “precisely incomplete.” The ΛCDM model, combined with General Relativity and the Standard Model, reproduces large‑scale structure and cosmic evolution with numerical success while leaving the underlying mechanisms unexplained. Dark matter, dark energy, inflation, singularities, and cosmological tensions persist as phenomenological patches rather than physical explanations. This paper inaugurates the MID/QC Keystone Series — a sequence of integrative works that reinterpret longstanding scientific puzzles through substrate‑native mechanisms. Using the geometric primitives of curvature, torsion, coherence, and tension, MID/QC provides mechanistic resolutions to the twenty canonical unresolved problems of cosmology. Each problem is mapped to a specific substrate behavior, demonstrating that these mysteries arise from missing primitives rather than exotic particles or new fields. This work builds directly on the MID/QC Foundation Series, which establishes the substrate‑level operations from which mass, charge, binding, symmetry breaking, and field structure emerge. The Keystone Series extends this foundation into cosmology, offering a unified, substrate‑native account of cosmic structure, evolution, and large‑scale anomalies.