What question did this study set out to answer?

This study aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of combining intravascular lithotripsy with drug-coated balloon treatment for calcified coronary artery lesions.

February 2, 2026Open Access

Safety and feasibility of the treatment of calcified de novo coronary artery lesions with drug-coated balloon angioplasty after intravascular lithotripsy

Key Points

This study aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of combining intravascular lithotripsy with drug-coated balloon treatment for calcified coronary artery lesions.
Conducted a retrospective analysis of 34 patients with severely calcified coronary artery lesions.
Applied intravascular lithotripsy followed by paclitaxel-coated drug-coated balloon treatment.
Monitored patients for major adverse cardiac events (MACE) and bleeding complications over 12 months.
15% of patients experienced major adverse cardiac events within 12 months.
The primary causes of MACE included cardiovascular death (9%) and one type-2 myocardial infarction (3%).
Only one ischemia-driven target lesion revascularization occurred within 12 months (3%).
The rate of BARC 2–5 bleeding events was 24%, and BARC 3–5 events was 6% at twelve months.

Abstract

Objectives Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) of calcified lesions using stenting may lead to stent malapposition and stent underexpansion. The combination of intravascular lithotripsy (IVL) followed by drug-coated balloon (DCB) treatment may help overcome this limitation. The aim of this single-center, retrospective, registry-based observational study was to assess the efficacy and safety of plaque modification using IVL followed by DCB-only treatment in patients with severely calcified lesions. Methods Severely calcified de novo coronary artery lesions were prepared using IVL followed by the application of paclitaxel-coated DCB in 34 consecutive patients; five patients requiring bail out stenting were excluded from the analysis. The cohort included patients both with stable coronary artery disease (53%) and acute coronary syndromes (47%). The mean age of the patients was 75 years and 56% had diabetes. The majority of patients (76%) were at high bleeding risk based on the Academic Research Consortium criteria. The primary endpoint was MACE major adverse cardiac events, defined as a composite of target lesion revascularization (TLR), myocardial infarction (MI), and cardiovascular (CV) mortality at 12 months. The secondary endpoints included individual components of MACE at 6 and 12 months and ARC bleeding (BARC) events. Results There were no acute vessel closures or perioperative myocardial infarctions. During 12-month follow-up, the primary end point occurred in 15% ( n = 5) of the patients, primarily driven by CV death (9%, n = 3) and one type-2 MI (3%). There was only one ischemia driven TLR within 12 months (3%). The rate of Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) 2–5 and BARC 3–5 bleeding events was 24% and 6% at twelve months, respectively. Conclusions PCI using IVL in combination with an application of paclitaxel-DCB strategy was feasible in the treatment of severely calcified coronary artery lesions in this cohort. This novel approach may be particularly advantageous for patents at high risk of bleeding, although further studies are needed to confirm this potential benefit.

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