Nanotechnology‐Enhanced Stemcell Therapy for Precision Regeneration Medicine: Mechanistic Advances, Engineering Strategies, and Clinical Translation

ABSTRACT Nanotechnology has emerged as a transformative approach to overcoming key limitations of stemcell‐based therapies, including poor cell survival, uncontrolled differentiation, low engraftment efficiency, and immune rejection. Although nanomaterial‐assisted stemcell strategies have been widely reported, a coherent framework linking material design, biological mechanisms, and clinical translation remains insufficient. This review provides a mechanism‐driven and translationally oriented synthesis of recent advances in nanotechnology‐enhanced stemcell therapy across five critical dimensions. First, we examine how nanomaterials with tunable physicochemical and mechanical properties actively regulate stemcell fate decisions. Second, we analyze nanomaterial‐based targeted delivery systems that improve localization, retention, and functional integration at injured tissues. Third, we discuss biomimetic nanomaterials that promote stemcell survival and engraftment by recreating supportive microenvironments. Fourth, we evaluate emerging immunomodulatory nanomaterials that mitigate host immune responses and enhance therapeutic tolerance. Finally, we highlight nanotechnology‐enabled imaging platforms that allow real‐time, non‐invasive monitoring of stemcell distribution and function in vivo. Distinct from prior descriptive reviews, this work integrates mechanistic insights with translational design principles, identifying key performance thresholds and clinical bottlenecks. By systematically linking nanomaterial properties to biological outcomes, this review provides a rational roadmap for developing next‐generation nanotechnology‐assisted stemcell therapies in regenerative and precision medicine.