Knowledge, awareness, support networks, and service utilization of sexual and reproductive health and rights among Indonesian adolescents

BACKGROUND: Sexual and reproductive health and rights (SRHR) services play a critical role in the well-being of adolescents and young adults. In Indonesia, gaps in knowledge, gender disparities, and access barriers hinder the effective utilization of these services. This study aimed to explore the sociodemographic factors, knowledge levels, awareness, and determinants influencing SRHR service utilization among Indonesian adolescents and young adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional online survey was conducted among adolescents and young adults aged 13–24 years across Indonesia from September 13 to October 27, 2024, involving 849 participants. The survey collected data on sociodemographic profiles, knowledge and awareness of SRHR, sources of information, and service utilization patterns. Convenience sampling was employed, with the data analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics to identify key predictors of SRHR service utilization. RESULTS: The study found that females, urban residents, and individuals aged 20–24 years were more likely to participate in SRHR services. Despite higher awareness, significant knowledge gaps were identified, particularly among males regarding contraception and fertility. The primary sources of SRHR information were mothers and digital platforms, while healthcare professionals and educators played a limited role. Knowledge levels were a strong predictor of service utilization, with older adolescents exhibiting lower service usage due to stigma and self-reliance tendencies. Urban-rural disparities in service access were also noted, although these differences diminished after controlling for resource availability. CONCLUSION: The study highlights critical factors influencing SRHR service utilization, including knowledge gaps, gender disparities, and support networks. Recommendations include developing gender-sensitive educational programs, investing in digital health solutions, addressing stigma, and improving service access in underserved areas. By implementing these strategies, policymakers can enhance SRHR outcomes and promote health equity among Indonesian adolescents and young adults.