What question did this study set out to answer?

The aim is to illustrate how artificial intelligence, particularly large language models, operates in medicine while also recognizing its potential failures.

February 5, 2026Open Access

Artificial intelligence in medicine: How it works, how it fails

Key Points

The aim is to illustrate how artificial intelligence, particularly large language models, operates in medicine while also recognizing its potential failures.
Reviewed practical clinical examples
Explained the workings of large language models
Highlighted both advantages and disadvantages of AI in healthcare
AI tools can significantly enhance healthcare delivery and education
Limitations of AI include potential misinterpretations and biases
Understanding AI functionalities is crucial for safe implementation in clinical settings

Abstract

Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming healthcare, with large language models emerging as important tools for clinical practice, education, and research. To use it safely and effectively, healthcare professionals need to understand how it works, and how it fails. Using practical clinical examples, the authors explain the subset of AI called large language models, highlighting their capabilities and their limitations.

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Authors

Rick Rejeleene

Neil Mehta

Journals

Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine

Actions

Institutions

Cleveland Clinic

Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine

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Building similarity graph...

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Artificial intelligence in medicine: How it works, how it fails

Key Points

Abstract

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Connected Papers

Discussion

Authors

Journals

Actions

Institutions

References and Citations

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Connected Papers

Discussion

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