High-performance concrete (HPC) incorporating industrial by-products such as fly ash, ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), silica fume, rice husk ash (RHA), and steel slag achieves compressive strengths exceeding 40-150 MPa while reducing cement content by 20-50% and CO₂ emissions by 30-50% through pozzolanic reactions and optimized particle packing (Mary etal., 2017, Saini & Singh, 2020). This comprehensive review synthesizes 25 experimental studies (2013-2024) demonstrating that optimal ternary blends (e.g., 30% GGBS + 10% silica fume + 20% fly ash) yield 80-100 MPa at 28 days with 25-40% lower permeability and enhanced chloride/sulfate resistance per ASTM standards (Patil & Patil, 2017, Sharma & Patel, 2024, Shi& Qian, 2018). Key findings include steel slag enhancing tensile strength by 10-15% at 100% fine aggregate replacement and UHPC variants with 100% waste achieving minimal shrinkage (Khan & Mallick, 2023). Gaps persist in field trials for tropical climates, ASR mitigation, and IS-code standardization. Future research should prioritize quaternary blends and nanomodifications for 3D-printed HPC, supporting sustainable construction aligned with green building codes
Chouhan et al. (Sat,) studied this question.