What question did this study set out to answer?

The aim is to estimate 500 hPa heights using data from automatic weather stations in the Antarctic continental interior.

February 5, 2026

The derivation of 500 hPa height from automatic weather station surface observations in the Antarctic continental interior

Key Points

The aim is to estimate 500 hPa heights using data from automatic weather stations in the Antarctic continental interior.
Analyzed data from Amundsen-Scott and Vostok rawinsonde stations
Utilized surface pressure and temperature data from multiple AWS
Examined radiosonde observations from five US and USSR stations during the 1957-58 International Geophysical Year
Focused on stations with elevations of 2.5 km or higher
Estimated 500 hPa heights from AWS surface data with acceptable accuracy
Confirmed the potential for using AWS data in high-elevation areas
Identified effective sites for height estimation in the Antarctic

Abstract

At the present time Amundsen-Scott (South Pole, elevation 284 geopotential decametres (gpdam)), and Vostok, 78.5°S, 106.9°E, 350 gpdam, are the only operational rawinsonde stations in the Antarctic continental interior. However, a larger number of automatic weather stations (AWS), providing surface pressure and temperature data, have been installed by Australia, France, Japan and the United States of America. From an analysis of radiosonde observations made during the International Geophysical Year (1957-58) at five US and USSR stations ranging in elevation from Byrd (153 gpdam) to Sovietskaya (367 gpdam), it is shown that 500 hPa heights can most probably be estimated with acceptable accuracy from these AWS surface observations, at sites of 2.5 km or higher elevation.

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