The focus of the study is the genesis and evolution of the institutional model of the Ministry of Justice of Russia as the central executive authority in the field of justice: changes in competencies, organizational structure, regulatory and control tools, as well as mechanisms for interaction with courts, law enforcement agencies, and the penal system, including the legal status of the agency, personnel and organizational mechanisms, and the limits of departmental autonomy. The study analyzes stable functional blocks (codification, judicial organization, registration administration, enforcement of judicial acts) and the factors of their redistribution during key reforms. The objective of the work is to identify recurring patterns in the transformation of justice functions and assess their alignment with contemporary challenges (digitalization, growth of the regulatory framework, burden on law enforcement, federal structure, state service orientation, demand for transparency and predictability of regulatory procedures). Based on this, priorities for the normative and organizational improvement of the Ministry of Justice are justified, including enhancing the quality of regulatory procedures, integrating departmental information systems, and developing unified registries and electronic services for citizens and organizations. Historical-legal and formal-legal analyses of regulatory acts were applied, periodization of institutional development, and a systematic approach to correlating the functions of the authority with the tasks of judicial, law enforcement, and legislative policy of the state are studied. The proposed periodization and identified functional "nodes" are suitable for scientific research in the field of the history of state and law, departmental governance, and legal policy, as well as for the practice of departmental planning and preparing drafts of regulatory acts. The novelty lies in the linkage of historical changes in structure and competencies with recurring management tasks of the state (codification, judicial organization, legality control, registration administration, digitalization), which allows for the justification of further development priorities. The long-term trend is expressed in the transition from predominantly judicial-organizational functions to a comprehensive regulatory and coordinating role in the legal system while maintaining traditional areas of ensuring justice. Proposed priorities include: development of sector-specific planning documents in the field of justice; expedited implementation and integration of automated information systems; updating requirements and regulatory procedures regarding the non-profit sector; enhancement of penal infrastructure, including the expansion of the network of correctional centers for forced labor.
Anton Borisovich Baumshtein (Thu,) studied this question.