ABSTRACT Objective The paper presents the Temperament Metadimensions Model (TMM), which extends the integrative model of temperament structure proposed by Strus et al. (2022). This extension adds four autoregulatory trait‐facets to the originally proposed four energetic and four temporal ones, enhancing the theoretical comprehensiveness of the model in terms of regulatory function of temperament and coverage of crucial constructs postulated in other well‐established temperament theories. The autoregulatory trait‐facets were conceptually introduced and subsequently empirically tested within the whole expanded 12 trait‐facet model of bipolar and orthogonal Reactivity and Activity metadimensions, verifying its synthesizing and predictive potential. Method The empirical verification of the TMM model was performed throughout three subsequent studies, with a joint sample of 1756 participants (52.0% females; M age = 34.68). We examined the TMM's: (1) internal structure, (2) relationships with constructs from other established theories of temperament, and (3) predictive capabilities in relation to mental health‐related variables. Results and Conclusions The obtained results confirmed the validity of the 12‐facet TMM as an integrative and comprehensive framework for formal characteristics of behavior, possessing evident functional significance and indicating its superiority over the eight‐facet Strus et al.'s (2022) model. Theoretical implications of the TMM were discussed.
Ponikiewska et al. (Wed,) studied this question.