From 1999 to 2023, age-adjusted mortality rates declined for SCD from 160.2 to 123.2 and for MI from 87.4 to 31.4 per million; males and Blacks had highest rates.
While overall mortality rates for sudden cardiac death and myocardial infarction in the US declined significantly from 1999 to 2023, persistent racial disparities and a temporary surge during 2020-2021 highlight the need for targeted public health interventions.
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Abstract Background Sudden Cardiac Death (SCD) and Myocardial Infarction (MI) are leading causes of cardiovascular mortality in the US. Despite existing studies on cardiovascular health concerns, recent and comprehensive mortality trends associated with SCD and MI showing disparities by age, sex, and race are lacking. Purpose Using the CDC WONDER database, we aimed to analyze long-term mortality trends, demographic disparities, and ethnic variations in age adjusted mortality rates attributed to SCD and MI in the US from 1999 to 2023. Elucidating these trends is critical for developing effective prevention and intervention approaches. Methods This descriptive study utilized the Multiple Cause of Death Public Use Record Death Certificates to identify the deaths related to SCD and MI. We extracted data from CDC WONDER using International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision (ICD-10) codes: I46.1, I46.9, I49.9, I50.9, R96.0, R96 (SCD) and I21.0, I21.1, I21.2, I21.3, I21.4, and I21.9 (MI). Age-adjusted mortality rates (AAMR) per 1,000,000 with 95% confidence interval were examined. The Joinpoint Regression Program was used to calculate Annual Percent Changes (APCs) to analyze the yearly trends. Results The study revealed SCD and MI related significant mortality trends from 1999 to 2023. Mortality rates due to both SCD and MI exhibited a significant decline from 1999 to 2023 with AAMR for SCD decreased from 160.2 in 1999 to 123.2 in 2023, while rate for MI decreased from 87.4 in 1999 to 31.4 in 2023.Both SCD and MI showed declining trends, with a notable surge in 2021. Males consistently had higher mortality rates than females. For SCD rates decreased until 2018, then peaked in 2021 before declining onwards. For MI rates consistently decreased, with a more pronounced decline in females (67.7 in 1999 to 22.7 in2023) than males (114.4 in 1999 to 41.8 in 2023). Racial disparities persisted, with Black or African Americans having the highest SCD and MI mortality rates, while Asian or Pacific Islanders and American Indian or Alaska Natives had the lowest. All racial groups showed significant reductions in SCD and MI mortality. However, a notable increase in mortality rates occurred in 2020 and 2021 and then declined again till 2023. Conclusions This study revealed a significant decline in overall age adjusted mortality rates due to SCD and MI from 1999 to 2023. Male gender and Black or African Americans ethnicity showed highest mortality rates for both SCD and MI. However, both genders and all racial groups exhibited a significant decline in mortality rates over the past two decades highlighting the improvements in prevention and management of SCD and MI related deaths in the US. However, persistent racial disparities and a temporary surge in mortality rates in 2020-2021 highlighted the need for continued public health efforts, targeted interventions and further research to address and eliminate disparities in cardiovascular health outcomes.
Elsiraj et al. (Sat,) reported a other. From 1999 to 2023, age-adjusted mortality rates declined for SCD from 160.2 to 123.2 and for MI from 87.4 to 31.4 per million; males and Blacks had highest rates.