What question did this study set out to answer?

To report a rare presentation of acute myeloid leukemia that resembles acute appendicitis and discuss its implications.

February 8, 2026Open Access

Leukemic appendix with clinical presentation that mimics acute appendicitis

Key Points

To report a rare presentation of acute myeloid leukemia that resembles acute appendicitis and discuss its implications.
Case report of a woman who achieved complete remission of acute myeloid leukemia.
Clinical evaluation of symptoms resembling acute appendicitis.
Molecular studies and next-generation sequencing interpretation to assess leukemic involvement.
Identification of leukemic infiltration in the appendix.
Discussion of how AML can present with symptoms mimicking appendicitis.
Insights into prognosis and implications for treatment related to unusual presentations.

Abstract

Abstract Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignant neoplasm characterized by the uncontrolled, clonal growth of hematopoietic cells. It is the most common acute leukemia in adults, with a median age at diagnosis of 69 years and an incidence of 4.2 cases and mortality of 2.7 per 100,00 people per year in the USA, as reported by SEER (2025) and Shallis et al. ( Blood Rev 36:70–87, 2019). With the advent of more detailed molecular studies, next-generation sequencing, and novel therapies, the prognosis for patients with AML has significantly improved, as discussed by Shimony et al. ( Am J Hematol 98(3):502–526, 2023). However, there are numerous complications of treatment and progression of disease that can affect patients’ quality of life and overall survival, as detailed by Khwaja et al. ( Nat Rev Dis Primer 2(1):1–22, 2016). Below, we describe an unusual complication of AML in a woman who previously achieved complete remission.

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