Information-Driven Cosmic Expansion: Constraints and Forecasts from H(z) Data

We investigate a cosmological framework in which the expansion of the Universe is driven by the growth of information content rather than vacuum energy. Assuming extensive information scaling with physical volume, the Friedmann background evolution yields a coasting cosmology with equation of state w = −1/3, without introducing new fundamental constants. We construct a cumulative information observable and confront the model with current H(z) measurements. Likelihood analysis yields at most ~2σ preference for a non-zero contribution, dominated by the highest-redshift data points. Robustness tests show that this preference is not yet stable under point removal. Monte Carlo detection-power forecasts demonstrate strong falsifiability with modest improvements in data quality, establishing clear observational targets for future high-redshift H(z) measurements.