Analysis of Challenges and Opportunities for Medicine in Post-Conflict African States in Somalia: An African Perspective

Post-conflict African states face distinct challenges in reconstructing healthcare systems. Somalia, following prolonged conflict, serves as a critical case for examining the state of medicine and identifying pathways for recovery from an African perspective. This systematic literature review aims to synthesise existing evidence on the specific challenges and opportunities for the field of medicine in post-conflict Somalia. Its objective is to provide a consolidated evidence base to inform policy and practice within an African context. A systematic search of multiple academic databases was conducted following established review guidelines. Studies were screened against pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data from eligible studies were extracted and analysed using thematic synthesis. The analysis identified a complex interplay of systemic challenges. A dominant theme was the severe shortage of skilled healthcare workers, exacerbated by brain drain and inadequate training infrastructure. Concurrently, fragmented health service delivery and weak governance structures were pervasive barriers. Opportunities centred on the potential of community-based health programmes and the strategic use of mobile health technology to overcome infrastructure deficits. The revitalisation of medicine in post-conflict Somalia is hindered by deep-seated systemic issues but presents viable avenues for progress. Sustainable improvement requires a multifaceted approach addressing both human resource crises and systemic fragility. Prioritise investment in local medical education and health worker retention strategies. Strengthen health governance and integrate community-led models with technology-enabled service delivery. Further context-specific research is needed to evaluate intervention models. Post-conflict, healthcare systems, medical workforce, Somalia, Africa, health system strengthening, fragile states This review consolidates African-centred insights on medical recovery in Somalia, offering evidence to guide stakeholders in health reconstruction and highlighting critical research gaps.