This package presents the astronomical and astrophysical interpretative applications of the MAB–ST (Markó–Anna–Beáta Set Theory) relational set-theoretic framework. The documents do not introduce new astrophysical theories, cosmological models, or empirical claims. Instead, they provide a meta-level, structural interpretative framework for clarifying the relations between existing astrophysical models and observational descriptions. In this application domain, MAB–ST offers an abstract relational structure that enables the structured comparison and interpretation of different astronomical and astrophysical models (e.g., cosmological expansion models, gravitational structures, spacetime representations, observational coordinate systems) without modifying their empirical content or physical formalism. The framework does not replace established astrophysical theories (e.g., general relativity, the ΛCDM cosmological model) and does not introduce alternative physical explanations. The documents included in this package are not assembled in a random manner. The individual appendices build upon each other, and in order to avoid misinterpretations, it is recommended to consult the general interpretative and applicative frameworks of MAB–ST together with the appendices specifying usage boundaries. The present package serves exclusively as an interpretative and structural framework, is not applicable as a predictive tool, and should not be considered an empirically testable physical model. The astrophysical and astronomical appendix builds upon the general MAB–ST framework presented in the core document (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18518738). The mathematical formalization is available in a separate package (DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.18520515). Related interpretative frameworks, applicability boundaries, and licensing conditions are provided in the corresponding MAB–ST appendices.
Anna Beáta Markó (Mon,) studied this question.