The Granular Cosmic Vacuum A Structural Truth about Dark Energy and Dark Matter

The Granular Cosmic Vacuum (GCV) proposes that what is commonly considered “empty intergalactic space” is not smooth, but a structured, granular vacuum composed of microscopic white holes (MWs) stabilized by three contracted temporal strings. In this framework: Dark energy arises naturally as the geometric tension of a closed temporal string spanning cosmological scales, rather than a mysterious fluid or quantum vacuum energy. Dark matter emerges from the pressure and curvature of closed spatial membranes in galactic halos, eliminating the need for unknown particle species. The model divides the universe into three structural domains: P1 – Galactic Interiors: Standard GR and QFT apply; physics is as usual. P2 – Intergalactic Desert: A granular lattice of MWs and contracted temporal strings; the string’s tension produces dark energy. P3 – Galactic Halos: Closed spatial membranes generate effective gravitational fields mimicking dark matter. Testable predictions include: A small, distance- and energy-dependent damping of high-energy gamma rays across the granular vacuum. Tiny, distance-dependent corrections to the Casimir force at 100 nm–1 µm separations. Thus, the GCV model reframes dark energy and dark matter as emergent structural properties of a cosmic string–membrane vacuum, offering a falsifiable, particle-free alternative to the standard ΛCDM paradigm. Keywords: Granular cosmic vacuum; microscopic white holes; contracted temporal strings; dark energy; particleless dark matter; spatial membranes; gamma-ray attenuation; Casimir effect.