What question did this study set out to answer?

The aim is to explore the integration of sensors within Organ-on-a-Chip systems for continuous monitoring.

February 16, 2026Open Access

Toward continuous monitoring systems: emerging trends of on-chip sensors in organ-on-a-chip

SLShuang LingXiamen University of Technology CXChenrui XuXiamen University of Technology YJYuqing JiangInstitute of Technology of Cambodia

Key Points

The aim is to explore the integration of sensors within Organ-on-a-Chip systems for continuous monitoring.
Reviewed primary sensing strategies including electrical, optical, and mechanical approaches.
Analyzed detection methodologies for integrated sensors in organ-on-a-chip systems.
Discussed innovative pathways for in situ sensing integration.
Identified key sensing elements necessary for effective monitoring.
Described the evolution of sensor technologies in organ-on-a-chip models.
Highlighted future prospects for the integration of sensing technologies in biomedical research.

Abstract

The emergence of Organ-on-a-Chip (OoC) has significantly advanced biomedical research mainly on aspects of disease modeling and drug research. The need for real-time and continuous monitoring of the OoCs has been driving the development of integrated sensors on-chip. To meet these needs across different scales, from microscopic to macroscopic, primary sensing strategies for in situ sensor integration typically include electrical, optical, and mechanical approaches. This review focuses on the detection methodologies driven by these requirements and analyzes the core sensing elements involved. It further explores current innovative pathways for achieving in situ sensing integration and discusses the future prospects brought about by the development of models in OoC and sensing technologies.

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