What question did this study set out to answer?

This analysis aims to provide an overview of the prevalence of chronic kidney disease among adults living with HIV in Africa.

February 16, 2026Open Access

Prevalence of chronic kidney disease and associated factors among adult HIV patients in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Key Points

This analysis aims to provide an overview of the prevalence of chronic kidney disease among adults living with HIV in Africa.
Conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis following PRISMA guidelines.
Explored various databases for literature from 2000 to December 2024.
Analyzed data using STATA V.17 and assessed heterogeneity through statistical tests.
Evaluated publication bias using funnel plots and conducted bias correction.
Included 26 studies with a total of 15,893 participants.
Pooled prevalence of CKD among adult HIV patients was 17.2% (95% CI [13.4, 21.0]).
Significant heterogeneity observed among studies (I² = 98.76%, p < 0.001).
Subgroup analyses reported varied prevalence based on different diagnostic criteria.

Abstract

Introduction: A number of individual studies in Africa reporting the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) among people living with HIV are becoming more common. This analysis aims to combine existing prevalence data from various countries across Africa, providing a comprehensive overview of CKD among adults living with HIV Methods: This study was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. The research protocol was registered on PROSPERO with the reference number CRD42024629601. Various databases, including PubMed, Cochrane, Science Direct, Global Index Medicus, and Google Scholar, were explored for relevant literature from 2000 to December 10, 2024. The data were initially organized in Excel and then analyzed via STATA V.17. Heterogeneity among studies was assessed through statistical methods such as the Cochrane Q test and I 2 statistic, visually represented by forest and Galbraith plots, and managed using a random effects model. Publication bias was evaluated using funnel plots and Egger’s test, with bias correction performed through trim and fill analyses. Results: A total of 26 studies involving 15,893 study participants were included in the analysis. The pooled prevalence of CKD among adult HIV patients in Africa was 17.2% (95% CI 13.4, 21.0), indicating significant heterogeneity ( I ² = 98.76%, p < 0.001) among the studies. Subgroup analyses were conducted to report the pooled prevalence of CKD on the basis of different diagnostic criteria. Modification of diet in renal disease reported a prevalence of 20.2% (13.5, 26.8), the CKD Epidemiology Collaboration reported a prevalence of 12.7% (7.8, 17.5), and the Cockcroft-Gault method reported a prevalence of 20.2% (16.4, 23.9). Conclusion: The prevalence of CKD among adult HIV patients in Africa is a significant concern. These findings highlight the urgent need for regular CKD screenings and standardized diagnostic methods.

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