Introducing BPA-equivalents: assessing mixture toxicity and substitution of BPA in environmental exposure scenarios

Key Points

• The research aims to assess the toxic effects of bisphenol A and its analogs in environmental scenarios.
• Analyzed mixtures of bisphenol A and five analogs present in European surface waters.
• Evaluated concentration-additive effects of these chemicals on biological responses.
• Identified which analogs contribute most significantly to cytotoxicity and estrogenic effects.
• BPS and BPB were the most common analogs detected in surface waters.
• BPB and BPAF were primarily responsible for observed cytotoxicity and estrogenic effects.
• Mixtures exhibited additive toxicity at environmental concentration levels.