Bio electromedicine, a dynamic field at the intersection of biology and electromagnetism, has gained prominence in modern healthcare for its diverse applications. This comprehensive review examines the historical development, fundamentals, clinical applications, and challenges of bio electromedicine. The historical journey begins with early pioneers such as Luigi Galvani and Alessandro Volta, progresses through milestones like the invention of the ECG, and unfolds to the cutting-edge applications of today. The fundamentals section explores the collaboration of biological systems with electromagnetic fields, the principles of electrical stimulation, and their cellular and molecular mechanism. Bioelectromagnetic safety guidelines, exposure limits, and environmental concerns are also discussed, ensuring responsible integration into medical practice. Clinical applications encompass a wide array, from pain management and neurological disorders to cardiology, neuropsychiatry, oncology, and regenerative medicine. The field continues to evolve, with emerging research areas and technological advancements shaping the future. Personalized bioelectromedicine stands as an exciting frontier. Despite its promise, bioelectromedicine grapples with ethical considerations, the need for robust clinical evidence, public scepticism, and the integration with conventional medical practices. This review encourages further research and development in bioelectromedicine, fostering its potential to revolutionize healthcare and improve patient outcomes in the years to come.
Kamble et al. (Thu,) studied this question.