Viscoelastic Spacetime and Kim's Law: A Unified Solution to the Dark Sector, Hubble Tension, and the Cosmic Age Crisis

The standard cosmological model (ΛCDM) faces critical challenges, including the Hubble tension,the vacuum energy catastrophe (10120 discrepancy), and recent JWST observations of mature galaxies at z > 10. We propose that these anomalies stem from neglecting the dynamical memory of thevacuum. We model spacetime as a Maxwell-type viscoelastic continuum governed by Kim’s Law:τ = C/H. By constraining the vacuum’s stored elastic energy to match the observed dark energydensity, we analytically determine the viscoelastic constant to be C ≈ 0.795. This framework yieldsthree transformative results: (1) The vacuum acts as a spectral filter, dissipating high-frequencyquantum fluctuations while storing only cosmological-scale deformation; (2) The viscoelastic delayextends the age of the universe to 16.55 Gyr, resolving the early galaxy formation crisis; (3) TheHubble tension is explained as a phase-lag effect. We further present specific observational predictions regarding gravitational wave memory relaxation and structure growth rates (fσ8), offering aclear path for experimental verification.