Strong frictional attachment in complicated environments is of great importance for interfacial adhesion, particularly fused by the rapid advancements in frictional adhesion technologies and flexible materials. The captivating adhesion phenomena of natural creatures in diverse environments, from dry to wet and even underwater, provide significant inspiration for interfacial adhesion with frictional enhancement. This review provides an overview of the predation and survival behaviors of natural creatures in varied environments, with an emphasis on the adhesive capabilities based on structures and secretions, going from the complex relationship between these characteristics and their functions to the biomimetic applications. First, the fundamental theories and adhesion models of natural biological surfaces are introduced, followed by the discussion of important biomimetic prototypes (e.g., geckos, tree frogs, octopus, and mussels), along with general fabrication methods for frictional adhesion surfaces. Next, the significance of both engineered and bioinspired adhesives is highlighted with selected applications in practical fields. Finally, from a forward‐looking perspective, the challenges and opportunities are discussed to help drive future innovation in adhesive materials through biomimetic strategies and biological materials.
Sun et al. (Sun,) studied this question.
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