Development and Evaluation of a Polyherbal Facial Serum With Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Moisturizing Properties

Skin disorders such as dryness, acne, hyperpigmentation, and inflammation are increasingly prevalent among young adults, necessitating the development of safe and effective topical formulations. In recent years, herbal and Ayurvedic cosmetic products have gained significant attention due to their perceived safety, multifunctional benefits, and cultural acceptance. Among topical dosage forms, facial serums offer advantages such as low viscosity, rapid absorption, and efficient delivery of active constituents to the skin. The present study aimed to develop and evaluate a polyherbal face serum formulated using natural plant extracts, namely Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi), Curcuma longa (Turmeric), Nyctanthes arbor-tristis (Parijat flower stalks), and Punica granatum (Pomegranate). Oil infusion and aqueous extraction techniques were employed to obtain the herbal extracts, which were incorporated into a serum base comprising almond oil and rose water. The formulation was evaluated for physicochemical properties, phytochemical composition, antimicrobial activity, skin hydration potential, stability, and user acceptability. The developed serum exhibited a skin-compatible pH of 5.3, suitable viscosity (~320 cP), good spreadability, and satisfactory physical stability under accelerated storage conditions. Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical analyses confirmed the presence of phenolics and flavonoids, with total phenolic content of 78 mg GAE/g and flavonoid content of 56 mg QE/g extract. The formulation demonstrated notable antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Cutibacterium acnes. In vivo skin hydration assessment showed a 38% increase in moisture content after 2 hours of application, while user acceptability studies indicated good tolerability with no signs of skin irritation.