Abstract Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common malignancy among women worldwide (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer) and the leading cause of cancer-related death in this population. Advances in surgical techniques have progressively shifted treatment paradigms toward breast-conserving approaches. Oncoplastic surgery merges oncologic safety with plastic surgery principles, enabling broader indications for breast conservation and enhancing aesthetic and psychological outcomes for patients. Objective: To evaluate the clinical and epidemiological profile of patients undergoing oncoplastic breast surgery with immediate or delayed reconstruction in a Brazilian public tertiary hospital, as well as to analyze postoperative complications and compare results with current literature. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive, and analytical study was conducted with 100 female patients who underwent oncoplastic breast surgery at the Pernambuco Cancer Hospital (HCP) between March 2023 and July 2024. Data were collected from medical records and included demographics, tumor characteristics, surgical procedures, adjuvant treatments, and postoperative complications. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v27 with a 5% margin of error. Results: The patients' mean age was 50.2 years. Of the 100 cases, 59% underwent oncoplastic quadrantectomy, while 39% had mastectomy with immediate reconstruction. Only 2 patients underwent delayed reconstruction. The most common techniques included therapeutic mammoplasty (17%) and the Burrow triangle (12%). Symmetrization was performed in 29% of cases and fat grafting in 5%. The majority of tumors were stage T1 or T2 (72%) and axilla-negative (73%). Most patients were luminal subtype (61%), and 13% had in situ lesions. Systemic treatment included chemotherapy (60%), radiotherapy (64%), hormone therapy (57%), and HER2-targeted therapy (14%). Postoperative complications occurred in 14% of patients, with wound dehiscence being the most frequent (7%). Five patients required reoperation, including two prosthesis removals and three margin enlargements. No statistically significant association was found between complications and clinical variables, although patients undergoing mastectomy showed a higher absolute rate of complications compared to those who had conservative surgery (22% vs. 8.5%). Conclusion: Oncoplastic breast surgery proved to be a safe and effective strategy for both breast conservation and post-mastectomy reconstruction in a resource-limited public healthcare setting. The complication rate was low and aligned with international standards, despite the absence of plastic surgeons in most cases. The findings support the inclusion of oncoplastic training in mastology residency programs as a way to increase access to reconstruction and improve quality of life for patients treated within the public health system. This approach, beyond restoring anatomy, promotes emotional and psychological well-being, reinforcing its role as a key component in the holistic management of breast cancer. Keywords: Breast cancer; Oncoplastic surgery; Breast reconstruction; Public health; Surgical outcomes Citation Format: C. S. Vasconcelos, I. V. Araújo, M. Salgado, D. S. Viana, L. Torres, C. R. Jesus, C. C. Anunciação. Oncoplastic and Reconstructive Breast Surgery: Experience in a Public Healthcare Center of the Brazilian Unified Health System (SUS) abstract. In: Proceedings of the San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium 2025; 2025 Dec 9-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2026;32(4 Suppl):Abstract nr PS2-03-07.
Vasconcelos et al. (Tue,) studied this question.
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