This article examines the evolving landscape of Italian labour law, with a focus on the principle of non-waivability and its gradual adaptation to demands for flexibility and competitiveness. Traditionally, the Italian labour law framework has been characterised by a strong non-waivability regime, which protects employees from negotiating away their rights due to inherent power imbalances vis-à-vis employers. However, recent regulatory developments have facilitated a shift towards both collective and individual agreements that allow deviations from statutory provisions, including to the detriment of employees. The article analyses the implications of this trend, exploring key regulatory models that enhance the role of assisted individual negotiations and collective bargaining in employment contracts. It delves into the conditions necessary for lawful waivers of rights, emphasising the importance of impartial third-party assistance in “protected venues” to ensure employee agency in negotiations. Additionally, the article discusses the risks and opportunities associated with the retreat from non-waivability, considering how this shift may fragment employees’ legal protection. Ultimately, the article advocates for a balanced approach that fosters individual empowerment within employment relationships, while also underscoring the critical role of collective protections, thereby encouraging ongoing dialogue among stakeholders to adapt to the complexities of the modern workforce.
Gramano et al. (Tue,) studied this question.